Different types of sign language interpreters: what they do and how they are qualified to do it.
Types of Sign Language Interpreters
Certified Interpreter/Transliterator
A sign language, oral or cued speech Interpreter/Transliterator who has demonstrated an advanced level of expressive and receptive skills. Certified interpreters have a thorough knowledge of the codes of ethics and role of the interpreter.
Certified Deaf Interpreter (CDI)
A deaf or hard of hearing individual, who is able to assist in providing an accurate interpretation between standard sign language and variants of sign language (including home signs) by acting as an intermediary between a deaf or hard of hearing person and a qualified interpreter.
Deaf/Blind Interpreter
The tactile consumer places her/his hands over the hands of the interpreter in order to read signs through touch and movement. Tactile signing can be taxing for the interpreter and may require more frequent interpreter rotations or breaks. The interpreter supplies both auditory and visual information to the consumer. Tactile signing is used by consumers who have very limited vision and by those who are blind.
Oral Interpreter
An oral interpreter (also called an oral transliterator) is a communication professional who helps people who are deaf or hard of hearing and who rely on speech-reading (lip-reading) and speaking rather than sign language. They silently mouth or restate spoken messages clearly.
The Difference Between a Signer and a Sign Language Interpreter
Can anyone who signs be an interpreter?
The biggest misconception by the general public is that anyone who has taken classes in American Sign Language (ASL) or Signed English or knows the manual alphabet is qualified to be an interpreter. Such an individual is referred to as a "signer." A signer is a person who may be able to communicate conversationally with deaf persons but who may not necessarily possess the skills and expertise to accurately interpret complex dialogue or information. A signer is not an interpreter, and using or hiring a signer in situations that clearly call for the provision of a professional interpreter can have serious legal consequences.
Sign language interpreters and signers function in different settings, using language at a different pace with different content. Signers are usually present in natural, conversational settings, covering day to day topics such as chatting. Signers have control of their own intent, content, pace and message. Interpreters, on the other hand, work in situations where they can’t control the content of the message, but are trained to accurately convey another person’s message. The interpreter operates in an environment where terminology is much more advanced and unpredictable. The interpreter must keep up with the speaker, without knowing in advance what will be said. The interpreter must render the message faithfully, conveying the content and spirit of the speaker, using the language understood by the person they serve.
Often, people who have learned some sign language are incorrectly used as interpreters. A person who only knows conversational sign language does not possess the skill required to perform effectively in the role of an interpreter.
Interpreter Qualifications
To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency, but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. This takes years of intensive practice and professional training.
A licensed sign language interpreter demonstrates proficient and ethical interpreting skills and has the knowledge and expertise required to function in a professional capacity. Interpreters work to ensure effective communication between those who know sign language and those who do not. Interpreting requires intensive training and expertise before proficient levels of skill are attained.